RESUMO
Bovine Trichomonosis (BT), a sexually transmitted disease endemic in countries with extensive cattle farming and natural service, is one of the most common causes of reproductive failure. 5-nitroimidazoles and their derivatives are used for its treatment, mainly metronidazole. The emergence of drug resistance mechanisms and treatment failures raise the need to investigate the effectiveness of new active compounds that contribute to parasite control. In this regard, extracts of Lantana camara (Verbenacea) have shown high biocidal potential against isolates of Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania braziliensis in vitro assays, although their effect on Tritrichomonas foetus has not been demonstrated yet. The available information on in vitro susceptibility of trichomonicidal drugs comes from the use of a diversity of methodologies and criteria, especially the observation of parasite motility under the optical microscope to assess their viability. Recently, in our laboratory, the use of flow cytometry has been described for the first time as a rapid and efficient method to evaluate the viability of T. foetus against metronidazole. The present study aimed to evaluate the cytostatic effect of L. camara extracts against T. foetus isolates by flow cytometry. Under aerobic conditions, IC50 values of 22.60 µg/mL were obtained on average. Under anaerobic conditions, the IC50 oscilated around 29.04 µg/mL. The results obtained allowed describing the susceptibility exhibited by these protozoa, being a valuable information for the development of potential BT treatments.
Assuntos
Lantana , Tritrichomonas foetus , Verbenaceae , Animais , Bovinos , Metronidazol/farmacologia , Citometria de Fluxo/veterináriaRESUMO
The aim of this research was to evaluate the storage stability (5⯰C), and microbial modeling, of Rubi red grapefruit (Citrusâ¯×â¯paradisi) juice treated with ultraviolet-C (UV-C) light (0, 10 and 20â¯min), alone or in combination with trans-cinnamaldehyde (trans-CAH) (0, 25 and 50⯵g/mL). A 32 factorial design was used and data modeled with the Weibull, Modified Gompertz and Logistic models. A response surface model was used to evaluate the effect of modeling parameters for suggesting the optimum treatment conditions. Treated and some untreated juice lasted up to 9â¯days without physicochemical and microbial changes. At the higher combination of UV-C light and trans-CAH, the microbial load of grapefruit juice was maintained below 100â¯CFU/mL up to 15â¯days. For mesophiles, the three predictive models indicated that the parameters n and Nmax decreased and the parameters λ and tc increased as the combination of UV-C light and trans-CAH increased. The response surface modeling of the parameters obtained by the predictive models showed acceptable correlation for mesophiles (R2â¯=â¯0.815-0.977) but not for yeasts (R2â¯=â¯0.618-0.815). The three predictive models showed that, the concentration of trans-CAH had more effect on stopping the microbial growth than the UV-C light treatment.
Assuntos
Acroleína/análogos & derivados , Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Bactérias/efeitos da radiação , Citrus paradisi/microbiologia , Conservação de Alimentos/métodos , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais/microbiologia , Acroleína/química , Acroleína/farmacologia , Bactérias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Irradiação de Alimentos/métodos , Conservação de Alimentos/instrumentação , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais/análise , Humanos , Raios UltravioletaRESUMO
V. cholerae non-O1 non-O139 serogroups isolated from clinical and environmental sources in Córdoba, Argentina, were analyzed for the presence and expression of virulence genes. Most of the strains studied contained the genes toxR and hlyA, but lacked ctxA, zot, ace, tcpA and stn. The culture supernatants were tested for hemolytic and cytotoxic activity. The enterotoxic potential of the strains was studied in a rabbit ileal loop assay and their genetic profiles were compared by PFGE. The environmental strains varied in their virulence phenotype and showed no-clonal relationships. The clinical strains were highly enterotoxic, hemolytic, proteolytic and showed indistinguishable PFGE profiles, although they differed in their cytotoxic activity. This is the first description, using cell culture and “in vivo” studies, of the virulence properties of non-O1 non-O139 V. cholerae from Argentina.
En este trabajo se analizó la presencia y expresión de genes de virulencia en V. cholerae no-O1 no-O139 de origen clínico y ambiental, aislados en Córdoba, Argentina. La mayoría de las cepas estudiadas contiene los genes toxR y hlyA, pero no ctxA, zot, ace, tcpA y stn. Se analizó la actividad hemolítica y citotóxica de estas cepas en los sobrenadantes de cultivo, así como su potencial enterotóxico en ensayos de asa ileal ligada de conejo. Además, los aislamientos fueron comparados por sus perfiles genéticos en PFGE. Las cepas del medio ambiente mostraron variación en su fenotipo de virulencia y no mostraron relación clonal. Las cepas clínicas fueron muy enterotóxicas, hemolíticas, proteolíticas y mostraron perfiles indistinguibles de PFGE, aunque mostraron diferencias en su actividad citotóxica. En este trabajo se describen por primera vez, utilizando ensayos de cultivo celular e “in vivo”, propiedades de virulencia de V. cholerae no-O1 no-O139 aislados en Argentina.
Assuntos
Animais , Humanos , Coelhos , Vibrio cholerae não O1/patogenicidade , Argentina/epidemiologia , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas de Bactérias/fisiologia , Chlorocebus aethiops , Células COS/microbiologia , Toxina da Cólera/genética , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Diarreia/microbiologia , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Enterotoxinas/genética , Enterotoxinas/isolamento & purificação , Enterotoxinas/fisiologia , Deleção de Genes , Genes Bacterianos , Proteínas Hemolisinas/genética , Proteínas Hemolisinas/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas Hemolisinas/fisiologia , Metaloendopeptidases/genética , Metaloendopeptidases/isolamento & purificação , Metaloendopeptidases/fisiologia , Filogenia , Vibrioses/epidemiologia , Vibrioses/microbiologia , Vibrio cholerae não O1/efeitos dos fármacos , Vibrio cholerae não O1/genética , Vibrio cholerae não O1/isolamento & purificação , Virulência/genética , Microbiologia da ÁguaRESUMO
V. cholerae non-O1 non-O139 serogroups isolated from clinical and environmental sources in Córdoba, Argentina, were analyzed for the presence and expression of virulence genes. Most of the strains studied contained the genes toxR and hlyA, but lacked ctxA, zot, ace, tcpA and stn. The culture supernatants were tested for hemolytic and cytotoxic activity. The enterotoxic potential of the strains was studied in a rabbit ileal loop assay and their genetic profiles were compared by PFGE. The environmental strains varied in their virulence phenotype and showed no clonal relationships. The clinical strains were highly enterotoxic, hemolytic, proteolytic and showed indistinguishable PFGE profiles, although they differed in their cytotoxic activity. This is the first description, using cell culture and "in vivo" studies, of the virulence properties of non-O1 non-O139 V. cholerae from Argentina.
Assuntos
Vibrio cholerae não O1/patogenicidade , Animais , Argentina/epidemiologia , Proteínas de Bactérias/genética , Proteínas de Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas de Bactérias/fisiologia , Técnicas de Tipagem Bacteriana , Células COS/microbiologia , Chlorocebus aethiops , Toxina da Cólera/genética , DNA Bacteriano/genética , Diarreia/epidemiologia , Diarreia/microbiologia , Farmacorresistência Bacteriana , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Enterotoxinas/genética , Enterotoxinas/isolamento & purificação , Enterotoxinas/fisiologia , Deleção de Genes , Genes Bacterianos , Proteínas Hemolisinas/genética , Proteínas Hemolisinas/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas Hemolisinas/fisiologia , Humanos , Metaloendopeptidases/genética , Metaloendopeptidases/isolamento & purificação , Metaloendopeptidases/fisiologia , Filogenia , Coelhos , Vibrioses/epidemiologia , Vibrioses/microbiologia , Vibrio cholerae não O1/efeitos dos fármacos , Vibrio cholerae não O1/genética , Vibrio cholerae não O1/isolamento & purificação , Virulência/genética , Microbiologia da ÁguaRESUMO
V. cholerae non-O1 non-O139 serogroups isolated from clinical and environmental sources in Córdoba, Argentina, were analyzed for the presence and expression of virulence genes. Most of the strains studied contained the genes toxR and hlyA, but lacked ctxA, zot, ace, tcpA and stn. The culture supernatants were tested for hemolytic and cytotoxic activity. The enterotoxic potential of the strains was studied in a rabbit ileal loop assay and their genetic profiles were compared by PFGE. The environmental strains varied in their virulence phenotype and showed no clonal relationships. The clinical strains were highly enterotoxic, hemolytic, proteolytic and showed indistinguishable PFGE profiles, although they differed in their cytotoxic activity. This is the first description, using cell culture and [quot ]in vivo[quot ] studies, of the virulence properties of non-O1 non-O139 V. cholerae from Argentina.
